Experimental: Blood flow restriction (BFR) with low load resistance training (knee)

Patients will perform slow open kinetic chain (OKC) knee extension (90°-0°) (2s con, 2s ecc, metronome). A modified pain monitoring will dictate the loading to ≤5 kg with maximum of 4/10 pain. Patients will complete 4 sets (1x30, 3x15 reps) with 30 s rest in between. If the patient fails to shadow the pace of the metronome or to fully extend the knee, the load will be reduced by 0.5Kg. The patients will exercise in sitting with an inflatable cuff of 10cm width and 75cm length will be attached to the most proximal part of the lower extremity. The cuff will remain inflated (80% limb occlusion pressure) throughout the loading session. All participants will undergo a 45-min physiotherapy session, consisting of resistance training (3-4 sets, last set to volitional fatigue), core, and balance exercise. A modified pain monitoring approach will dictate the selection of exercises and the training load (maximum of 4/10 pain).

Sham_comparator: Sham-Blood flow restriction (sham-BFR) with low load resistance training (knee)

Patients will perform slow open kinetic chain (OKC) knee extension (90°-0°) (2s con, 2s ecc, metronome). A modified pain monitoring will dictate the loading to ≤5 kg with maximum of 4/10 pain. Patients will complete 4 sets (1x30, 3x15 reps) with 30 s rest in between. If the patient fails to shadow the pace of the metronome or to fully extend the knee, the load will be reduced by 0.5Kg. The patients will exercise in sitting with an inflatable cuff of 10cm width and 75cm length will be attached to the most proximal part of the lower extremity. The cuff will remain inflated (enough room for two fingers between the skin and the cuff) throughout the loading session. All participants will undergo a 45-min physiotherapy session, consisting of resistance training (3-4 sets, last set to volitional fatigue), core, and balance exercise. A modified pain monitoring approach will dictate the selection of exercises and the training load (maximum of 4/10 pain).

Experimental: Blood flow restriction (BFR) with low load resistance training (shoulder)

Patients will perform slow full range dumbbell biceps curls (2s con, 2s ecc, metronome).Initial load approximately set to 5% of the participants body weight. Patients will complete 4 sets of biceps curls (1x30, 3x15 reps) with 30 s rest between sets.If the patient fails to shadow the pace of the metronome or to fully flex the shoulder, the load will be reduced by 0.5Kg. The patients will exercise in standing with an inflatable cuff of 6cm width and 60cm length will be attached to the most proximal part of the limb. The cuff will remain inflated (60% of the limb complete occlusion pressure) throughout the loading session. All participants will undergo a 45-min physiotherapy session, exercises of the scapula stabilizers, resistance exercises of the rotator cuff muscles (3-4 sets, last set to volitional fatigue), and functional and shoulder proprioception. A modified pain monitoring approach will dictate the selection of exercises and the training load (maximum of 4/10 pain).

Sham_comparator: Sham-Blood flow restriction (sham-BFR) with low load resistance training (shoulder)

Patients will perform slow full range dumbbell biceps curls (2s con, 2s ecc, metronome).Initial load approximately set to 5% of the participants body weight. Patients will complete 4 sets of biceps curls (1x30, 3x15 reps) with 30 s rest between sets.If the patient fails to shadow the pace of the metronome or to fully flex the shoulder, the load will be reduced by 0.5Kg. The patients will exercise in standing with an inflatable cuff of 6cm width and 60cm length will be attached to the most proximal part of the limb. The cuff will remain inflated (enough room for two fingers between the skin and the cuff) throughout the loading session. All participants will undergo a 45-min physiotherapy session, exercises of the scapula stabilizers, resistance exercises of the rotator cuff muscles (3-4 sets, last set to volitional fatigue), and functional and shoulder proprioception. A modified pain monitoring approach will dictate the selection of exercises and the training load (max of 4/10 pain).